Umthombo: I-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
[Isingeniso] Uhlu lwegalikhi olugcinwe endaweni ebandayo luyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuqapha ukutholakala kwemakethe yegalikhi, futhi idatha yempahla ithinta ushintsho lwemakethe yegalikhi endaweni ebandayo ngaphansi komkhuba wesikhathi eside. Ngo-2022, uhlu lwegalikhi oluvunwe ehlobo luzodlula amathani ayizigidi ezi-5, lufinyelele esicongweni somlando. Ngemuva kokufika kwedatha ephezulu yempahla ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, umkhuba wesikhathi esifushane wemakethe yegalikhi endaweni ebandayo uzoba buthakathaka, kodwa unganciphisi kakhulu. Isimo sengqondo sabafaki zimali sihle. Iyini imfashini yesikhathi esizayo yemakethe?
Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba 2022, inani eliphelele likagalikhi omusha nomdala lizoba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.099, ukwanda ngo-14.76% ngonyaka, ngo-161.49% ngaphezu kwenani elincane lokugcina impahla eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, kanye no-52.43% ngaphezu kwenani elijwayelekile lokugcina impahla eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule. Inani likagalikhi eligcinwe endaweni ebandayo kulesi sikhathi sokukhiqiza lifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
1. Ngo-2022, indawo kanye nomkhiqizo wegaliki ovunwe ehlobo kwanda, futhi inani likagaliki eligcinwe endaweni ebandayo lafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Ngo-2021, indawo yokutshala igalikhi yokuhweba ekwindla enyakatho izoba yizigidi ezingu-6.67 zama-mu, kanti inani eliphelele likagalikhi elivunwe ehlobo lizoba ngamathani angu-8020000 ngo-2022. Indawo yokutshala kanye nesivuno kukhuphuke futhi kwasondela ezingeni eliphezulu lomlando. Inani eliphelele lifana kakhulu nalelo lango-2020, ngokunyuka okungu-9.93% uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elimaphakathi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Ngisho noma ukutholakala kwegalikhi kukhulu kakhulu kulo nyaka, abanye osomabhizinisi baphethe ngokuthi inani likagalikhi omusha lingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezi-5 ngaphambi kokuba ligcinwe, kodwa intshiseko yokuthengwa kwegalikhi elisha isephezulu. Ekuqaleni kokukhiqizwa kwegalikhi ehlobo lika-2022, abaningi ababambe iqhaza emakethe baya emakethe ngenkuthalo ukuyothenga izimpahla ngemuva kokuphothula ucwaningo lolwazi oluyisisekelo. Isikhathi sokugcina nokwamukela igalikhi entsha eyomile kulo nyaka sasingaphambi kweminyaka emibili edlule. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, igalikhi entsha yayingakashiswa ngokuphelele. Abathengisi bemakethe yasekhaya kanye nabanye abahlinzeki bezindawo zokugcina impahla bakwamanye amazwe beza emakethe ngokulandelana ukuzothenga izimpahla. Isikhathi sokugcina izimpahla esiphakathi sasisukela ngoJuni 8 kuya kuJulayi 15.
2. Intengo ephansi idonsela abahlinzeki bezindawo zokugcina impahla ukuthi bangene emakethe ngenkuthalo ukuze bathole izimpahla
Ngokusho kwemibiko efanele, amandla amakhulu asekela ukugcina igalikhi esanda komiswa kulo nyaka inzuzo yentengo ephansi yegalikhi kulo nyaka. Intengo yokuqala yegalikhi yasehlobo ngo-2022 isezingeni eliphakathi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. Kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti, intengo ejwayelekile yokuthenga igalikhi entsha endaweni yokugcina yayingu-1.86 yuan/kg, ukwehla ngo-24.68% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule; Iphansi ngo-17.68% kunenani elimaphakathi elingu-2.26 yuan/jin eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Esikhathini sokukhiqiza sika-2019/2020 kanye no-2021/2022, indawo yokugcina izinto ebandayo ngonyaka wokutholwa kwentengo ephezulu esikhathini esisha yalahlekelwa kakhulu, kanti isilinganiso senzuzo yezindleko zokugcina izinto esizini yokukhiqiza sika-2021/2022 safinyelela okungenani ku-137.83%. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka ka-2018/2019 kanye no-2020/2021, igalikhi yokugcina izinto ebandayo yakhiqiza izimpahla ezintsha ezinentengo ephansi, kanti isilinganiso senzuzo sezindleko zokugcina izinto ezijwayelekile zesitoreji sokuqala ngo-2018/2019 safinyelela ku-60.29%, kanti ngonyaka ka-2020/2021, lapho isitoreji esiphezulu somlando sasiseduze namathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.5 ngaphambi kwalo nyaka, isilinganiso senzuzo esimaphakathi sesitoreji sokuqala segalikhi yokugcina izinto ebandayo sasingu-19.95%, kanti isilinganiso senzuzo esiphezulu sasingu-30.22%. Intengo ephansi ikhanga kakhulu izinkampani zokugcina izinto ukuthola izimpahla.
Esikhathini sokukhiqiza kusukela ngoJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, intengo iqale yakhuphuka, yabe isiwa, yabe isibuya kancane. Ngenxa yokwenyuka okuphansi kokunikezwa kanye nentengo yokuvula, iningi labahlinzeki bezindawo zokugcina kulo nyaka bakhethe iphuzu eliseduze nentengo engokwengqondo ukuze bangene emakethe, behlala benamathela esimisweni sokuthengwa kwentengo ephansi kanye nentengo ephezulu yokungajahi. Iningi labafaki bezimali babengalindele ukuthi inzuzo yegalikhi yokugcina ebandayo izoba phezulu. Iningi labo lathi inzuzo izoba cishe ngu-20%, futhi noma ngabe bekungekho ithuba lokuphuma kwenzuzo, bangakwazi ukulahlekelwa noma ngabe imali etshalwe ekugcineni igalikhi incane kulo nyaka.
3. Ukuncipha kokulindela kusekela ukuzethemba kwezinkampani zokugcina izimpahla emakethe yesikhathi esizayo
Okwamanje, kulindeleke ukuthi indawo yokutshala igalikhi etshalwe ekwindla ka-2022 inciphe, okuyiyona nto eyinhloko eshukumisela izinkampani zokugcina izimpahla ukuba zikhethe ukugcina izimpahla. Isidingo semakethe yasekhaya segalikhi yokugcina izimpahla ebandayo sizokhula kancane kancane cishe ngoSepthemba 15, futhi isidingo esikhulayo sizokhulisa ukuzethemba kwezinkampani zokugcina izimpahla ukuze zihlanganyele emakethe. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, zonke izindawo ezikhiqizayo zangena esigabeni sokutshala ngokulandelana. Ukuqaliswa kancane kancane kwezindaba zokunciphisa imbewu ngo-Okthoba kuzoqinisa ukuzethemba kwababeka imali. Ngaleso sikhathi, intengo kagalikhi endaweni yokugcina izimpahla ebandayo ingase ikhuphuke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-28-2022