ETshayina, emva kwe-solstice yasebusika, umgangatho wejinja eTshayina ufaneleke ngokupheleleyo ekuthuthweni kolwandle. Umgangatho wejinja entsha kunye nejinja eyomileyo uza kufaneleka kuphela eMzantsi Asia, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, eMbindi Mpuma nakwezinye iimarike eziphakathi nezimfutshane ukususela nge-20 kaDisemba. Qala ukudibana ngokupheleleyo neemarike zaseBritane, eNetherlands, e-Itali, e-United States nakwezinye iimarike zaselwandle.
Kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, ijinja engakumbi iya kuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kwakhona kulo nyaka, nangona kukho iingxaki ngaphambi nasemva kokuvunwa kumazwe amakhulu athumela kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokuqhambuka kweemeko ezikhethekileyo, imfuno yejinja yezinongo ikhula ngamandla.
I-China yeyona ithumela ngaphandle ebaluleke kakhulu, kwaye umthamo wayo wokuthumela ngaphandle ungafikelela kwiitoni ezingama-575000 kulo nyaka. Iitoni ezingama-525000 ngo-2019, irekhodi. I-Thailand yindawo yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, kodwa ijinja yayo isasasazwa kakhulu kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweThailand kulo nyaka kuya kuba semva kakhulu kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Kude kube kutshanje, i-India yayisekwindawo yesithathu, kodwa kulo nyaka iya kudlulwa yiPeru neBrazil. Umthamo wokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwePeru kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-45000 kulo nyaka, xa kuthelekiswa neetoni ezingaphantsi kwama-25000 ngo-2019. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweJinja eBrazil kuya kwanda ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-22000 ngo-2019 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-30000 kulo nyaka.
I-China ibandakanya iikota ezintathu zorhwebo lwejinja kwihlabathi liphela
Urhwebo lwejinja lwamazwe ngamazwe lujikeleza kakhulu eTshayina. Ngo-2019, umthamo worhwebo lwejinja lwehlabathi lonke yi-720000 tons, apho iTshayina ibiza iitoni ezingama-525000, ezithatha iikota ezintathu.
Iimveliso zaseTshayina zihlala zithengiswa. Ukuvunwa kuza kuqala ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha, emva kweeveki ezintandathu (phakathi kukaDisemba), ibhakethi yokuqala yejinja iza kufumaneka kwixesha elitsha lonyaka.
IBangladesh nePakistan ngabathengi abaphambili. Ngo-2019, lonke ilizwe laseMzantsi-mpuma Asia lithatha phantse isiqingatha seGinger ethunyelwa ngaphandle eTshayina.
INetherlands ngumthengi wesithathu ngobukhulu eTshayina. Ngokwezibalo zokuthumela ngaphandle zaseTshayina, ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-60000 zejinja zithunyelwe eNetherlands kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunyuke nge-10% kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka ophelileyo. INetherlands yindawo ephambili yorhwebo lweJinja lwaseTshayina kwi-EU. ITshayina ithe ithumele phantse iitoni ezingama-80000 zejinja kumazwe angama-27 e-EU kunyaka ophelileyo. Idatha yokungenisa iJinja ye-Eurostat iphantsi kancinci: umthamo wokungenisa kwamanye amazwe angama-27 e-EU yi-74000 yeetoni, apho iNetherlands yi-53000 yeetoni. Umahluko usenokuba ubangelwa kurhwebo olungenziwanga eNetherlands.
KwiTshayina, amazwe aseGulf abaluleke ngakumbi kunamazwe angama-27 e-EU. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eMntla Melika kuyafana noko kuthunyelwe kwi-EU 27. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweJinja eTshayina e-UK kwehle kunyaka ophelileyo, kodwa ukubuya okunamandla kulo nyaka kunokwaphula uphawu lweetoni ezingama-20000 okokuqala.
IThailand neIndiya zithunyelwa kumazwe akweli candelo.
IPeru neBrazil zenza isithathu kwisine sempahla ezithunyelwa eNetherlands nase-United States.
Abathengi ababini abaphambili bePeru neBrazil yi-United States neNetherlands. Bane-3/4 yekota yempahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe omabini. Kunyaka ophelileyo, iPeru ithumele iitoni ezingama-8500 eMelika kunye neetoni ezingama-7600 eNetherlands.
I-United States ineetoni ezingaphezu kwe-100000 kulo nyaka
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-United States ingenise iitoni ezingama-85000 zejinja. Kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunyuke phantse ngesinye kwisihlanu kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Umthamo wejinja engeniswa kwamanye amazwe e-United States kulo nyaka ungadlula iitoni ezili-100000.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngokwezibalo zokungeniswa kwempahla eMelika, ukungeniswa kwempahla evela eTshayina kwehle kancinci. Ukungeniswa kwempahla evela ePeru kuphindwe kabini kwiinyanga ezili-10 zokuqala, ngelixa ukungeniswa kwempahla evela eBrazil nako kukhule kakhulu (kwanyuka ngama-74%). Ukongeza, inani elincinci lingeniswe livela eCosta Rica (eliphindwe kabini kulo nyaka), eThailand (ngaphantsi kakhulu), eNigeria naseMexico.
Umthamo wokungenisa impahla eNetherlands nawo ufikelele kumda ophezulu weetoni ezili-100000
Kunyaka ophelileyo, ukungeniswa kwejinja evela eNetherlands kufikelele kwirekhodi yeetoni ezingama-76000. Ukuba lo mkhwa kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala zalo nyaka uyaqhubeka, umthamo wokungeniswa uya kuba kufutshane neetoni ezili-100000. Ngokucacileyo, olu kukhula lubangelwa kakhulu ziimveliso zaseTshayina. Kulo nyaka, ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-60000 zejinja zinokungeniswa zivela eTshayina.
Kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala zexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo, iNetherlands ingenise iitoni ezingama-7500 ezivela eBrazil. Ukungeniswa okuvela ePeru kuphindwe kabini kwiinyanga ezisibhozo zokuqala. Ukuba le ndlela iyaqhubeka, oko kuthetha ukuba iPeru ingenisa iitoni ezili-15000 ukuya kwi-16000 zejinja ngonyaka. Abanye abathengisi ababalulekileyo abavela eNetherlands yiNigeria neThailand.
Uninzi lwejinja engeniswa eNetherlands luphinde lwathunyelwa. Kunyaka ophelileyo, inani lifikelele phantse kwiitoni ezingama-60000. Liza kunyuka kwakhona kulo nyaka.
IJamani yayiyeyona mthengi ubalulekileyo, ilandelwa yiFrance, iPoland, iItali, iSweden kunye neBelgium.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-25-2020