Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kupanga adyo padziko lonse lapansi kunawonetsa kukula kokhazikika kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2020. Pofika chaka cha 2020, kupanga adyo padziko lonse lapansi kunali matani 32 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 4.2% pachaka. Mu 2021, malo obzala adyo ku China anali 10.13 miliyoni mu, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 8.4%; kupanga adyo ku China kunali matani 21.625 miliyoni, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 10%. Malinga ndi kufalikira kwa kupanga adyo m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, China ndiye dera lomwe lili ndi kupanga adyo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2019, kupanga adyo ku China kunali pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi matani 23.306 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa 75.9% ya kupanga padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka pa maziko okhazikika opanga zakudya zobiriwira ku China zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi China Green Food Development Center, pali maziko 6 okhazikika opanga zakudya zobiriwira (adyo) ku China, omwe 5 ndi maziko odziyimira pawokha opangira adyo, okhala ndi malo okwana 956,000 mu, ndipo 1 ndi maziko okhazikika opangira mbewu zingapo kuphatikiza adyo; Maziko asanu ndi limodzi opangira zakudya zokhazikika amagawidwa m'maboma anayi, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, ndi Xinjiang. Jiangsu ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha maziko okhazikika opangira adyo, okhala ndi awiri. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi maziko okhazikika opangira mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza adyo.
Madera obzala adyo amapezeka kwambiri ku China, koma malo obzala adyo amapezeka kwambiri m'zigawo za Shandong, Henan, ndi Jiangsu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo opitilira 50% ya malo onse. Madera obzala adyo m'zigawo zazikulu zomwe zimapanga adyo nawonso ndi ochepa. Malo ambiri olima adyo ku China ali ku Shandong Province, ndipo kuchuluka kwa adyo komwe kumatumizidwa kunja mu 2021 kunali 1,186,447,912 kg ku Shandong Province. Mu 2021, malo obzala adyo ku Shandong Province anali 3,948,800 mu, kuwonjezeka kwa 68% pachaka; Malo obzala adyo ku Hebei Province anali 570100 mu, kuwonjezeka kwa 132% pachaka pachaka; Malo obzala adyo ku Henan Province anali 2,811,200 mu, kuwonjezeka kwa 68% pachaka pachaka; Malo obzala adyo ku Jiangsu Province anali 1,689,700 mu, kuwonjezeka kwa 17 pachaka pachaka pachaka. Malo obzala adyo amapezeka kwambiri ku Jinxiang County, Lanling County, Guangrao County, Yongnian County, Hebei Province, Qi County, Henan Province, Dafeng City, North Jiangsu Province, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, Xinjiang, ndi madera ena omwe amapanga adyo.
Malinga ndi “Lipoti Loneneratu za Msika wa Garlic Industry wa 2022-2027 la Kafukufuku Wozama wa Msika wa Garlic Industry ndi Investment Strategy” lomwe linatulutsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi.
Chigawo cha Jinxiang ndi mzinda wotchuka wa adyo ku China, wokhala ndi mbiri yobzala adyo kwa zaka pafupifupi 2000. Dera la adyo lomwe limabzalidwa chaka chonse ndi 700,000 mu, ndipo limatulutsa matani pafupifupi 800,000 pachaka. Zogulitsa adyo zimatumizidwa kumayiko ndi madera opitilira 160. Malinga ndi mtundu wa khungu, adyo wa Jinxiang amatha kugawidwa kukhala adyo woyera ndi adyo wofiirira. Mu 2021, malo obzala adyo ku Jinxiang County, Chigawo cha Shandong anali 551,600 mu, kuchepa kwa 3.1% pachaka; Kupanga adyo ku Jinxiang County, Chigawo cha Shandong kunali matani 977,600, kuwonjezeka kwa 2.6% pachaka pachaka.
Mu sabata la 9 la 2023 (02.20-02.26), mtengo wapakati wa adyo padziko lonse lapansi unali 6.8 yuan/kg, kutsika ndi 8.6% pachaka ndi 0.58% pamwezi. Chaka chatha, mtengo wapakati wa adyo padziko lonse lapansi unafika pa 7.43 yuan/kg, ndipo mtengo wotsika kwambiri unali 5.61 yuan/kg. Kuyambira 2017, mtengo wa adyo mdziko lonse lapansi wakhala ukutsika, ndipo kuyambira 2019, mtengo wa adyo wasonyeza kukwera. Kuchuluka kwa malonda a adyo ku China kuli kwakukulu mu 2020; Mu June 2022, kuchuluka kwa malonda a adyo ku China kunali pafupifupi matani 12,577.25.
Msika wotumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa dziko uli bwanji pamakampani opanga adyo.
Kutumiza adyo kunja kuli ndi zoposa 80% ya dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kukuwonetsa kukwera kwa zinthu kukusintha. China ndiye wogulitsa adyo wofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, wokhala ndi msika wokhazikika wotumiza kunja. Kukula kwa kufunikira pamsika wotumiza kunja kuli kokhazikika. Adyo waku China amatumizidwa makamaka ku Southeast Asia, Brazil, Middle East, Europe ndi United States, ndipo kufunikira kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi kuli kokhazikika. Mu 2022, mayiko asanu ndi limodzi apamwamba kwambiri omwe amatumiza adyo ku China anali Indonesia, Vietnam, United States, Malaysia, Philippines, ndi Brazil, ndipo kutumiza kunja kuli ndi 68% ya kutumiza konse.https://www.ll-foods.com/products/fruits-and-vegetables/garlic/
Kutumiza kunja kwa dziko ndi zinthu zazikulu. Kutumiza kunja kwa adyo ku China kumadalira kwambiri zinthu zazikulu monga adyo watsopano kapena wozizira, adyo wouma, adyo wothira viniga, ndi adyo wothira mchere. Mu 2018, kutumiza kunja kwa adyo watsopano kapena wozizira kunali 89.2% ya zonse zomwe zinatumizidwa kunja, pomwe kutumiza kunja kwa adyo wouma kunali 10.1%.
Malinga ndi mitundu ina ya adyo yotumizidwa kunja ku China, mu Januwale 2021, panali kuwonjezeka koipa kwa kuchuluka kwa adyo watsopano kapena wozizira ndi adyo wopangidwa kapena kusungidwa ndi viniga kapena acetic acid; Mu February 2021, kuchuluka kwa adyo watsopano kapena wozizira wotumizidwa kunja ku China kunali matani 4429.5, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 146.21%, ndipo ndalama zotumizidwa kunja zinali madola 8.477 miliyoni aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 129%; Mu February, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya adyo yotumizidwa kunja kunakwera bwino.
Poganizira kuchuluka kwa malonda otumizidwa kunja kwa dziko mwezi uliwonse mu 2020, chifukwa cha kufalikira kosalekeza kwa miliri yakunja, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunika komanso zomwe zimafunika pamsika wa adyo padziko lonse lapansi kwasokonekera, ndipo zabwino zina pamsika zapangidwa kuti adyo atumize kunja ku China. Kuyambira Januwale mpaka Disembala, zinthu zomwe China imatumiza kunja kwa adyo zinakhalabe zabwino. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2021, malonda otumizidwa kunja kwa adyo ku China adawonetsa kukwera kwabwino, ndi kuchuluka konse kwa matani 286,200 kuchokera Januwale mpaka Febuluwale, kuwonjezeka kwa 26.47% pachaka.
Dziko la China ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe limalima ndi kutumiza kunja adyo. Adyo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya mbewu ku China. Adyo ndi zinthu zake ndi zakudya zokometsera zachikhalidwe zomwe anthu amakonda. Adyo wakhala akulimidwa kwa zaka zoposa 2000 ku China, osati kokha ndi mbiri yakale yolima, komanso ndi malo olima ambiri komanso zokolola zambiri. Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa adyo ku China komwe kumatumizidwa kunja kunali matani 1.8875 miliyoni, kuchepa kwa 15.45% pachaka; Mtengo wa adyo wotumizidwa kunja unali madola aku US 199,199.29 miliyoni pachaka, kuchepa kwa 1.7%.
Ku China, adyo watsopano amagulitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo adyo amakonzedwa pang'ono komanso phindu lochepa pazachuma. Njira yogulitsira adyo imadalira kwambiri kutumiza adyo kunja. Mu 2021, Indonesia inali ndi adyo wambiri wotumizidwa kunja ku China, wokhala ndi makilogalamu 562,724,500.
Kukolola adyo mu nyengo yatsopano ku China mu 2023 kudzayamba mu June. Chifukwa cha zinthu monga kuchepa kwa malo obzala adyo komanso nyengo yoipa, kuchepa kwa kupanga kwakhala nkhani yokambirana kwambiri. Pakadali pano, msika nthawi zambiri ukuyembekeza kuti mtengo wa adyo watsopano ukwere, ndipo kukwera kwa mitengo ya adyo m'malo ozizira ndiko komwe kukuchititsa kuti mitengo ya adyo ikwere mu nyengo yatsopano.
Kuchokera ku – Dipatimenti Yotsatsa ya LLFOODS
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-24-2023