Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwegalikhi emhlabeni wonke kubonise ukukhula okuzinzile kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2020. Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwegalikhi emhlabeni wonke kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-32, ukwanda ngo-4.2% unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2021, indawo yokutshala igalikhi eShayina yayingama-mu ayizigidi ezingu-10.13, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-8.4%; ukukhiqizwa kwegalikhi eShayina kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-21.625, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-10%. Ngokusho kokusatshalaliswa kokukhiqizwa kwegalikhi ezifundeni ezahlukene emhlabeni, iShayina iyisifunda esinomkhiqizo wegalikhi ophezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngo-2019, ukukhiqizwa kwegalikhi eShayina kwakubekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-23.306, okwenza kube ngu-75.9% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke.
Ngokusho kolwazi oluphathelene nezisekelo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile zezinto zokusetshenziswa zokudla okuluhlaza eShayina olukhishwe yi-China Green Food Development Center, kunezisekelo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile eziyisi-6 zezinto zokusetshenziswa zokudla okuluhlaza (ugalikhi) eShayina, ezi-5 zazo ziyizisekelo zokukhiqiza ezizimele zegalikhi, nendawo yokutshala iyonke engama-mu angu-956,000, kanti u-1 uyisisekelo sokukhiqiza esijwayelekile sezitshalo eziningi okuhlanganisa negalikhi; Izisekelo zokukhiqiza eziyisithupha ezijwayelekile zisatshalaliswa ezifundazweni ezine, iJiangsu, iShandong, iSichuan, neXinjiang. IJiangsu inenani elikhulu kakhulu lezisekelo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile zegalikhi, ezinezimbili sezizonke. Esinye sazo isisekelo sokukhiqiza esijwayelekile sezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa negalikhi.
Izindawo zokutshala igalikhi zisakazeke kabanzi eShayina, kodwa indawo yokutshala igxile kakhulu ezifundazweni zaseShandong, eHenan, naseJiangsu, okubalwa ngaphezu kuka-50% wendawo iyonke. Izindawo zokutshala igalikhi ezifundazweni ezinkulu ezikhiqizayo nazo zigxile kakhulu. Indawo enkulu yokutshala igalikhi eShayina iseSifundazweni saseShandong, lapho inani elikhulu kakhulu likagalikhi elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2021 lingu-1,186,447,912 kg eSifundazweni saseShandong. Ngo-2021, indawo yokutshala igalikhi eSifundazweni saseShandong yayingu-3,948,800 mu, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-68%; Indawo yokutshala igalikhi eSifundazweni saseHebei yayingu-570100 mu, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-132%; Indawo yokutshala igalikhi eSifundazweni saseHenan yayingu-2,811,200 mu, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-68%; Indawo yokutshala eSifundazweni saseJiangsu yayingu-1,689,700 mu, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-17%. Izindawo zokutshala ugalikhi zisakazeke kabanzi eJinxiang County, Lanling County, Guangrao County, Yongnian County, Hebei Province, Qi County, Henan Province, Dafeng City, North Jiangsu Province, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, Xinjiang, nakwezinye izindawo ezikhiqiza ugalikhi.
Ngokusho kombiko othi “2022-2027 China Garlic Industry Market Deep Research and Investment Strategy Prediction Report” okhishwe yi-Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
Isifunda saseJinxiang siyidolobha elidumile legalikhi eShayina, elinomlando wokutshala igalikhi iminyaka engaba ngu-2000. Indawo yegalikhi etshalwe unyaka wonke ingu-700,000 mu, kanye nomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke ongaba amathani angu-800,000. Imikhiqizo yegalikhi ithunyelwa emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaphezu kuka-160. Ngokombala wesikhumba, igalikhi yaseJinxiang ingahlukaniswa ibe ugalikhi omhlophe kanye negalikhi onsomi. Ngo-2021, indawo yokutshala igalikhi eSifundeni saseJinxiang, eSifundazweni saseShandong yayingama-551,600 mu, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-3.1%; Ukukhiqizwa kwegalikhi eSifundeni saseJinxiang, eSifundazweni saseShandong kwakungamathani angu-977,600, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-2.6%.
Ngesonto lesi-9 lika-2023 (02.20-02.26), intengo kagalikhi ethengiswa ngobuningi ezweni lonke yayingu-6.8 yuan/kg, yehle ngo-8.6% unyaka nonyaka kanye no-0.58% inyanga nenyanga. Ngonyaka odlule, intengo kagalikhi ethengiswa ngobuningi ezweni lonke ifinyelele ku-7.43 yuan/kg, kanti intengo ethengiswa ngobuningi ephansi kakhulu yayingu-5.61 yuan/kg. Kusukela ngo-2017, intengo kagalikhi ezweni lonke ibilokhu yehla, futhi kusukela ngo-2019, intengo kagalikhi ibonise ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo. Ivolumu yokuhweba ngegalikhi eShayina iphezulu ngo-2020; NgoJuni 2022, ivolumu yokuhweba ngegalikhi eShayina yayicishe ibe ngamathani ayi-12,577.25.
Isimo semakethe yokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe embonini yegalikhi.
Ukuthunyelwa kwegalikhi kwamanye amazwe kungaphezu kuka-80% wenani lomhlaba, futhi kukhombisa ukuthambekela okukhuphukayo. I-China iyinkampani ethumela igalikhi kwamanye amazwe ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, enemakethe yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezinzile. Ukukhula kwesidingo emakethe yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kuzinzile. Igalikhi yase-China ithunyelwa ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eBrazil, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eYurophu nase-United States, kanti isidingo semakethe yamazwe ngamazwe sizinzile. Ngo-2022, amazwe ayisithupha aphezulu ekuthunyelweni kwegalikhi e-China kwakuyi-Indonesia, iVietnam, i-United States, iMalaysia, iPhilippines, neBrazil, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubalelwa ku-68% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.https://www.ll-foods.com/products/fruits-and-vegetables/garlic/
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ikakhulukazi kuyimikhiqizo eyinhloko. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi eShayina kusekelwe kakhulu emikhiqizweni eyinhloko efana negalikhi entsha noma ebandayo, igalikhi eyomile, igalikhi eviniga, kanye negalikhi enosawoti. Ngo-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi entsha noma ebandayo kwaba ngu-89.2% wenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi eyomile kwaba ngu-10.1%.
Ngokombono wezinhlobo ezithile zokuthunyelwa kwegalikhi eShayina, ngoJanuwari 2021, kwaba nokwenyuka okungekuhle enanini lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe legalikhi elisha noma elibandayo kanye negalikhi elenziwe noma eligcinwe ngeviniga noma i-acetic acid; NgoFebhuwari 2021, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wegalikhi elisha noma eliqandisiwe eShayina wawungamathani angu-4429.5, ukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-146.21%, kanti inani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lalingamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-8.477, ukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-129%; NgoFebhuwari, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wezinhlobo zegalikhi wenyuka kahle.
Ngokombono womthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe njalo ngenyanga ngo-2020, ngenxa yokusabalala okuqhubekayo kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, ibhalansi yokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo emakethe yegalikhi yamazwe ngamazwe iphazamisekile, futhi izinzuzo ezengeziwe zemakethe zidalwe zokuthunyelwa kwegalikhi eShayina. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuDisemba, isimo sokuthunyelwa kwegalikhi eShayina sahlala sisihle. Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwegalikhi eShayina kwabonisa umfutho omuhle, ngenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe elingamathani angu-286,200 kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-26.47%.
IShayina iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elitshala futhi lithumele igalikhi kwamanye amazwe. Igalikhi ingenye yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezibalulekile eShayina. Igalikhi nemikhiqizo yayo ukudla okunambithekayo kwendabuko okuthandwa ngabantu. Igalikhi itshalwe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000 eShayina, hhayi nje ngomlando omude wokulinywa, kodwa futhi nendawo enkulu yokulinywa kanye nesivuno esikhulu. Ngo-2021, umthamo wegalikhi waseShayina wokuthumela ngaphandle wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.8875, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-15.45%; Inani legalikhi lokuthumela ngaphandle lalingamadola aseMelika ayizigidi ezingu-199,199.29, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-1.7%.
E-China, igalikhi entsha ithengiswa kakhulu, inemikhiqizo embalwa yegalikhi ecutshungulwe ngokujulile kanye nezinzuzo eziphansi zezomnotho. Isiteshi sokuthengisa segalikhi sincike kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwegalikhi kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2021, i-Indonesia yayinomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wegalikhi othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-China, ngamakhilogremu angu-562,724,500.
Isivuno sesizini entsha sokukhiqizwa kwegalikhi eShayina ngo-2023 sizoqala ngoJuni. Njengoba sithintekile yizici ezifana nokuncipha kwendawo yokutshala igalikhi kanye nesimo sezulu esibi, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa sekuyinto exoxwa ngayo kabanzi. Njengamanje, imakethe ngokuvamile ilindele ukuthi intengo yegalikhi entsha ikhuphuke, kanti ukwenyuka kwentengo yegalikhi endaweni yokugcina ebandayo kuyimbangela yokwenyuka kwentengo yegalikhi esizini entsha.
Kusukela – UMnyango Wezokumaketha we-LLFOODS
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-24-2023