Idatha ibonisa ukuba imveliso yegalikhi yehlabathi ibonise ukukhula okuzinzileyo ukusuka ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2020. Ngo-2020, imveliso yegalikhi yehlabathi yayiziitoni ezingama-32 ezigidi, ukwanda kwe-4.2% unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2021, indawo yokutyala igalikhi eTshayina yayiyi-10.13 yezigidi zeerandi, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka kwe-8.4%; imveliso yegalikhi eTshayina yayiyi-21.625 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka kwe-10%. Ngokwendlela esasazeke ngayo imveliso yegalikhi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela, iTshayina yindawo enemveliso yegalikhi ephezulu kwihlabathi. Ngo-2019, imveliso yegalikhi yaseTshayina yayikwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi ngeetoni ezingama-23.306 ezigidi, ezibalelwa kwi-75.9% yemveliso yehlabathi.
Ngokolwazi olumalunga neziseko zemveliso ezisemgangathweni zezinto eziluhlaza zokutya eTshayina olukhutshwe yiZiko loPhuhliso loKutya oluLuhlaza laseTshayina, kukho iziseko zemveliso ezisemgangathweni ezi-6 zezinto eziluhlaza zokutya (igalikhi) eTshayina, apho ezi-5 kuzo ziziseko zemveliso ezizimeleyo zegalikhi, kunye nendawo yokutyala iyonke eyi-956,000 mu, kwaye i-1 sisiseko semveliso esisemgangathweni sezityalo ezininzi kubandakanya igalikhi; Iziseko zemveliso ezikumgangatho oqhelekileyo ezintandathu zisasazwa kumaphondo amane, iJiangsu, iShandong, iSichuan, kunye neXinjiang. IJiangsu inenani elikhulu leziseko zemveliso ezisemgangathweni zegalikhi, kunye nezimbini zizonke. Esinye sazo sisiseko semveliso esisemgangathweni sezityalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya igalikhi.
Iindawo zokutyala igalikhi zisasazeke kakhulu eTshayina, kodwa indawo yokutyala igxile kakhulu kumaphondo aseShandong, eHenan, naseJiangsu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-50% yendawo iyonke. Iindawo zokutyala igalikhi kumaphondo amakhulu avelisa igalikhi nazo zixinene kakhulu. Indawo enkulu yokulima igalikhi eTshayina ikwiPhondo laseShandong, apho umthamo omkhulu wegalikhi othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngo-2021 yi-1,186,447,912 kg kwiPhondo laseShandong. Ngo-2021, indawo yokutyala igalikhi kwiPhondo laseShandong yayiyi-3,948,800 mu, ukunyuka konyaka nge-68%; Indawo yokutyala igalikhi kwiPhondo laseHebei yayiyi-570100 mu, ukunyuka konyaka nge-132%; Indawo yokutyala igalikhi kwiPhondo laseHenan yayiyi-2,811,200 mu, ukunyuka konyaka nge-68%; Indawo yokutyala igalikhi kwiPhondo laseJiangsu yayiyi-1,689,700 mu, ukunyuka konyaka nge-17%. Iindawo zokutyala igalikhi zisasazeke kakhulu kwiJinxiang County, kwiLanling County, kwiGuangrao County, kwiYongnian County, kwiPhondo laseHebei, kwiQi County, kwiPhondo laseHenan, kwiSixeko saseDafeng, kwiPhondo laseNorth Jiangsu, kwiSixeko sasePengzhou, kwiPhondo laseSichuan, kwiSithili esiZimeleyo saseDali Bai, kwiPhondo laseYunnan, kwiXinjiang, nakwezinye iindawo ezivelisa igalikhi.
Ngokwengxelo ethi “2022-2027 China Garlic Industry Market Deep Research and Investment Strategy Prediction Report” ekhutshwe yiSebe lezoLimo neMicimbi yaseMaphandleni.
IJinxiang County yindawo edumileyo yokutyala igalikhi eTshayina, enembali yokutyala igalikhi kangangeminyaka emalunga nama-2000. Ummandla wegalikhi otyalwe unyaka wonke yi-700,000 mu, kunye nemveliso yonyaka emalunga neetoni ezingama-800,000. Iimveliso zegalikhi zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-160 nakwiindawo. Ngokwebala lolusu, igalikhi yaseJinxiang inokwahlulwa ibe yigalikhi emhlophe kunye negalikhi emfusa. Ngowama-2021, indawo yokutyala igalikhi eJinxiang County, kwiPhondo laseShandong yayingama-551,600 mu, ukwehla konyaka nge-3.1%; Imveliso yegalikhi eJinxiang County, kwiPhondo laseShandong yayingama-977,600 eetoni, ukunyuka konyaka nge-2.6%.
Kwiveki yesi-9 ka-2023 (02.20-02.26), ixabiso eliphakathi legalikhi likazwelonke yayiyi-6.8 yuan/kg, yehla nge-8.6% unyaka nonyaka kunye ne-0.58% inyanga nenyanga. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ixabiso eliphakathi legalikhi likazwelonke lifikelele kwi-7.43 yuan/kg, kwaye ixabiso eliphantsi legalikhi lifikelele kwi-5.61 yuan/kg. Ukususela ngo-2017, ixabiso legalikhi kuzwelonke belihla, kwaye ukusukela ngo-2019, ixabiso legalikhi libonise ukunyuka. Umthamo worhwebo lwegalikhi eTshayina uphezulu ngo-2020; NgoJuni ka-2022, umthamo worhwebo lwegalikhi eTshayina wawumalunga neetoni ezili-12,577.25.
Imeko yemarike yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kweshishini legalikhi.
Ukuthunyelwa kwegalikhi kwamanye amazwe kungaphezulu kwe-80% yenani lilonke lehlabathi, kwaye kubonisa ukunyuka okuguquguqukayo. I-China yeyona nkampani ithumela igalikhi kwamanye amazwe ebalulekileyo kwihlabathi, inemarike yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezinzileyo. Ukukhula kwemfuno kwimarike yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kuzinzile. Igalikhi yase-China ithunyelwa kakhulu kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, eBrazil, eMbindi Mpuma, eYurophu nase-United States, kwaye imfuno yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe izinzile. Ngo-2022, amazwe amathandathu aphezulu ekuthunyelweni kwegalikhi e-China yayiyi-Indonesia, iVietnam, i-United States, iMalaysia, iPhilippines, kunye neBrazil, apho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kungaphezulu kwe-68% yenani lilonke lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.https://www.ll-foods.com/products/fruits-and-vegetables/garlic/
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ikakhulu ziimveliso eziphambili. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi eTshayina kusekelwe kakhulu kwiimveliso eziphambili ezifana negalikhi entsha okanye ebandayo, igalikhi eyomileyo, igalikhi yeviniga, kunye negalikhi enetyuwa. Ngo-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi entsha okanye ebandayo kube yi-89.2% yazo zonke izinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi eyomileyo kube yi-10.1%.
Ngokwembono yeentlobo ezithile zegalikhi ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina, ngoJanuwari 2021, bekukho ukonyuka okungalunganga kubungakanani bokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe begalikhi entsha okanye ebandayo kunye negalikhi eyenziwe okanye egcinwe ngeviniga okanye i-acetic acid; NgoFebruwari 2021, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wegalikhi entsha okanye efrijini eTshayina wawuziitoni ezingama-4429.5, ukonyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-146.21%, kwaye isixa sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe sasizizigidi eziyi-8.477 zeedola zaseMelika, ukonyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-129%; NgoFebruwari, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe wezinye iintlobo zegalikhi wanda kakuhle.
Ngokwembono yomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenyanga ngo-2020, ngenxa yokusasazeka okuqhubekayo kwezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane kwamanye amazwe, ulungelelwaniso lokubonelela kunye nemfuno kwimarike yehlabathi yegalikhi luye lwaphazamiseka, kwaye kuye kwaveliswa ezinye iingenelo zemarike zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi eTshayina. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba, imeko yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi eTshayina yahlala ilungile. Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwegalikhi eTshayina kubonise isantya esihle, ngomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe opheleleyo weetoni ezingama-286,200 ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuFebruwari, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-26.47%.
I-China lelona lizwe likhulu kwihlabathi elikhulisa kwaye lithumela igalikhi kwamanye amazwe. Igalikhi yenye yeentlobo zezityalo ezibalulekileyo e-China. Igalikhi kunye neemveliso zayo kukutya okunencasa yendabuko abantu abakuthandayo. Igalikhi ilinywe iminyaka engaphezu kwama-2000 e-China, kungekuphela nje ngembali ende yokulima, kodwa nendawo enkulu yokulima kunye nesivuno esiphezulu. Ngo-2021, umthamo wegalikhi e-China yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe wawuziitoni eziyi-1.8875 yezigidi, ukwehla konyaka nge-15.45%; Ixabiso legalikhi yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yayiyi-199,199.29 yezigidi zeerandi zaseMelika, ukwehla konyaka nge-1.7%.
E-China, igalikhi entsha ithengiswa kakhulu, inemveliso ezimbalwa zegalikhi ezicociweyo kwaye ineenzuzo eziphantsi kwezoqoqosho. Indlela yokuthengisa igalikhi ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwegalikhi kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-2021, i-Indonesia yayinomthamo omkhulu wegalikhi othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-China, ngeekhilogram ezingama-562,724,500.
Isivuno sexesha elitsha lemveliso yegalikhi eTshayina ngo-2023 siza kuqala ngoJuni. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nokuncipha kwendawo yokutyala igalikhi kunye nemozulu embi, ukwehla kwemveliso kuye kwaba yingxoxo ngokubanzi. Okwangoku, imakethi ngokubanzi ilindele ukuba ixabiso legalikhi entsha linyuke, kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso egalikhi kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo yeyona nto ibangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso egalikhi kwixesha elitsha.
Ukusuka – iSebe leNtengiso le-LLFOODS
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-24-2023